In a large saute pan, heat the olive oil and saute the onions and sugar until caramelized.
Add the garlic and caraway seed. Cook for 1 minute.
Add the sweet and sharp paprika, marjoram, thyme, and bay leaf. Sauté another minute until fragrant.
Add the tomato paste. Deglaze with the vinegar and the stock, and add the pieces of beef shank, salt, and pepper. Bring to a boil, then lower to a simmer and cook until very tender, about 1 1/2 hours, stirring occasionally.
Taste and adjust the seasoning with salt and pepper.
Serve in a traditional way with homemade dumplings and sauerkraut. Another great option is to serve with spaetzle.